Spain, Uruguay, Thailand, Indonesia: Tax Rates & Business Setup Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of tax rates, business setup, residency pathways, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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4 selectedClear all
🇮🇩Indonesia
61
Worldwide
🇪🇸Spain
69
Worldwide
🇺🇾Uruguay
80
Impatriados - 11-year tax holiday on foreign capital income
🇹🇭Thailand
57
Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison5
🇮🇩IndonesiaWorldwide35%
🇪🇸SpainWorldwide47%
🇺🇾UruguayImpatriados - 11-year tax holiday on foreign capital income36%
🇹🇭ThailandWorldwide35%
Tax system mismatchCritical

Indonesia and Spain and Thailand tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 47%). Uruguay does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Spain has an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other countries in this comparison do not have an exit tax.

12pp personal tax rate spreadNote

Both countries tax worldwide income, but the top personal income tax rates differ materially. Spain: 47% vs Indonesia: 35%. Both apply to all global earnings once you establish residency.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Spain and Uruguay have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other countries in this comparison do not have CFC rules.

Special tax regime available in one jurisdictionNote

Uruguay (Impatriados - 11-year tax holiday on foreign capital income) offers a qualifying program that may exempt foreign-source income from local tax for up to 11 years. This can significantly reduce your effective rate compared to the standard regime.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row
Metric
🇮🇩Indonesia61
🇪🇸Spain69
🇺🇾Uruguay80
🇹🇭Thailand57
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax
37
32
100
43
Funding
80
100
70
70
Visa
90
90
70
90
Residency
43
43
80
58
Tax Res.
55
45
70
60
Practical
45
96
78
58
Remote Work
67
64
94
72
Family
75
95
95
80
Ecosystem
70
60
55
60
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate22%25%25%20%
Capital Gains Tax-28%12%0%
Tax Treaties71962561
Territorial SystemNoNoYesNo
Funding Details
Active VCs301001520
Government GrantsYesYesYesYes
EU Funding EligibleNoYesNoNo
Visa Details
Has Startup VisaYesYesNoYes
Processing Time60452160
Min Investment----
E-ResidencyNoNoNoNo
Digital Nomad VisaYesYesYesYes
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available2232
Citizenship Timeline1010512
Dual CitizenshipNoNoYesNo
Immigration Score5776
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days183183183180
Personal Tax Top Rate35473635
Territorial TaxationNoNoNoNo
Special Tax RegimeNoYesYesNo
Exit TaxNoYesNoNo
Practical Details
Banking Difficultydifficulteasymoderatemoderate
100% Foreign OwnershipNoYesYesNo
Company Formation3071414
Virtual Office OKNoYesYesYes
Remote Work Details
Nomad VisaYesYesYesYes
Tourist Workgray_areagray_areatoleratedgray_area
Tourist Visa Days30909030
PE Risk Levellowmoderatelowlow
Days Before Tax Res.183183183180
Internet Speed25220120200
Coworking/mo$100$250$140$150
Family Details
Safety Index55727262
Int'l SchoolsYesYesYesYes
Homeschoolinglegallegal_with_restrictionslegal_with_restrictionslegal_with_restrictions
Healthcare Quality55828272
Cost of Living32554040
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns8513
English Business EnvNoNoNoNo
Talent Pool Quality50706255

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