Spain, Portugal, Greece, Panama: Tax Rates & Startup Ecosystem Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of tax rates, startup ecosystem, startup funding, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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4 selectedClear all
🇪🇸Spain
69
Worldwide
🇵🇦Panama
76
Territorial
🇵🇹Portugal
76
IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)
🇬🇷Greece
70
Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison4
🇪🇸SpainWorldwide47%
🇵🇦PanamaTerritorial25%
🇵🇹PortugalIFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)48%
🇬🇷GreeceWorldwide44%
Tax system mismatchCritical

Spain and Greece tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 47%). Panama and Portugal do not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Spain and Portugal and Greece have an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other country in this comparison does not have an exit tax.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Spain and Portugal and Greece have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other country in this comparison does not have CFC rules.

Special tax regime available in one jurisdictionNote

Portugal (IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)) offers a qualifying program that may exempt foreign-source income from local tax for up to 10 years. This can significantly reduce your effective rate compared to the standard regime.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row
Metric
🇪🇸Spain69
🇵🇦Panama76
🇵🇹Portugal76
🇬🇷Greece70
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax
32
100
55
52
Funding
100
60
95
85
Visa
90
90
90
85
Residency
43
73
78
60
Tax Res.
45
80
45
45
Practical
96
81
91
83
Remote Work
64
88
69
79
Family
95
80
95
85
Ecosystem
60
40
90
65
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate25%25%21%22%
Capital Gains Tax28%10%28%22%
Tax Treaties96177857
Territorial SystemNoYesNoNo
Funding Details
Active VCs100124816
Government GrantsYesYesYesYes
EU Funding EligibleYesNoYesYes
Visa Details
Has Startup VisaYesYesYesYes
Processing Time453090120
Min Investment-$200K$0$272K
E-ResidencyNoNoNoNo
Digital Nomad VisaYesYesYesYes
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available2336
Citizenship Timeline10557
Dual CitizenshipNoYesYesYes
Immigration Score7886
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days183183183183
Personal Tax Top Rate47254844
Territorial TaxationNoYesNoNo
Special Tax RegimeYesNoYesYes
Exit TaxYesNoYesYes
Practical Details
Banking Difficultyeasymoderatemoderatemoderate
100% Foreign OwnershipYesYesYesYes
Company Formation75310
Virtual Office OKYesYesYesYes
Remote Work Details
Nomad VisaYesYesYesYes
Tourist Workgray_areatoleratedgray_areaillegal
Tourist Visa Days901809090
PE Risk Levelmoderatelowmoderatemoderate
Days Before Tax Res.183183183183
Internet Speed220508593
Coworking/mo$250$200$180$175
Family Details
Safety Index72558254
Int'l SchoolsYesYesYesYes
Homeschoolinglegal_with_restrictionslegallegal_with_restrictionslegal_with_restrictions
Healthcare Quality82687659
Cost of Living55656840
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns5062
English Business EnvNoNoYesYes
Talent Pool Quality70487268

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