Spain, Netherlands, Portugal, Ireland: Tax Rates & Startup Ecosystem Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of tax rates, startup ecosystem, residency pathways, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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4 selectedClear all
🇪🇸Spain
69
Worldwide
🇵🇹Portugal
76
IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)
🇮🇪Ireland
62
Remittance-Based
🇳🇱Netherlands
59
Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison2
🇪🇸SpainWorldwide47%
🇵🇹PortugalIFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)48%
🇮🇪IrelandRemittance-Based40%
🇳🇱NetherlandsWorldwide49.5%
Tax system mismatchCritical

Spain and Netherlands tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 49.5%). Portugal does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Special tax regime available in one jurisdictionNote

Portugal (IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)) offers a qualifying program that may exempt foreign-source income from local tax for up to 10 years. This can significantly reduce your effective rate compared to the standard regime.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row
Metric
🇪🇸Spain69
🇵🇹Portugal76
🇮🇪Ireland62
🇳🇱Netherlands59
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax
32
55
83
39
Funding
100
95
100
100
Visa
90
90
80
75
Residency
43
78
75
73
Tax Res.
45
45
60
45
Practical
96
91
86
100
Remote Work
64
69
39
39
Family
95
95
80
90
Ecosystem
60
90
75
100
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate25%21%12.5%25.8%
Capital Gains Tax28%28%33%36%
Tax Treaties967876100
Territorial SystemNoNoNoNo
Funding Details
Active VCs1004865200
Government GrantsYesYesYesYes
EU Funding EligibleYesYesYesYes
Visa Details
Has Startup VisaYesYesYesYes
Processing Time45909030
Min Investment-$0$55K-
E-ResidencyNoNoNoNo
Digital Nomad VisaYesYesNoNo
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available2333
Citizenship Timeline10555
Dual CitizenshipNoYesYesNo
Immigration Score7858
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days183183183183
Personal Tax Top Rate47484050
Territorial TaxationNoNoNoNo
Special Tax RegimeYesYesYesYes
Exit TaxYesYesYesYes
Practical Details
Banking Difficultyeasymoderatemoderateeasy
100% Foreign OwnershipYesYesYesYes
Company Formation7355
Virtual Office OKYesYesYesYes
Remote Work Details
Nomad VisaYesYesNoNo
Tourist Workgray_areagray_areagray_areagray_area
Tourist Visa Days90909090
PE Risk Levelmoderatemoderatehighhigh
Days Before Tax Res.183183183183
Internet Speed2208590300
Coworking/mo$250$180$300$300
Family Details
Safety Index72826278
Int'l SchoolsYesYesYesYes
Homeschoolinglegal_with_restrictionslegal_with_restrictionslegalillegal
Healthcare Quality82767585
Cost of Living55689580
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns561212
English Business EnvNoYesYesYes
Talent Pool Quality70726082

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