Portugal, Spain, Argentina, Thailand: Tax Rates & Residency Pathways Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of tax rates, residency pathways, business setup, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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4 selectedClear all

🇪🇸Spain

Worldwide

🇦🇷Argentina

Worldwide

🇵🇹Portugal

IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)

🇹🇭Thailand

Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison5

🇪🇸SpainWorldwide47%

🇦🇷ArgentinaWorldwide35%

🇵🇹PortugalIFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)48%

🇹🇭ThailandWorldwide35%

Tax system mismatchCritical

Spain and Argentina and Thailand tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 47%). Portugal does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Spain and Portugal have an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other countries in this comparison do not have an exit tax.

13pp personal tax rate spreadNote

Both countries tax worldwide income, but the top personal income tax rates differ materially. Portugal: 48% vs Argentina: 35%. Both apply to all global earnings once you establish residency.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Spain and Argentina and Portugal have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other country in this comparison does not have CFC rules.

Special tax regime available in one jurisdictionNote

Portugal (IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)) offers a qualifying program that may exempt foreign-source income from local tax for up to 10 years. This can significantly reduce your effective rate compared to the standard regime.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row

Metric	🇪🇸Spain69	🇦🇷Argentina58	🇵🇹Portugal76	🇹🇭Thailand57
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax	32	0	55	43
Funding	100	85	95	70
Visa	90	90	90	90
Residency	43	91	78	58
Tax Res.	45	55	45	60
Practical	96	81	91	58
Remote Work	64	79	69	72
Family	95	85	95	80
Ecosystem	60	80	90	60
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate	25%	35%	21%	20%
Capital Gains Tax	28%	15%	28%	0%
Tax Treaties	96	22	78	61
Territorial System	No	No	No	No
Funding Details
Active VCs	100	65	48	20
Government Grants	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
EU Funding Eligible	Yes	No	Yes	No
Visa Details
Has Startup Visa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Processing Time	45	60	90	60
Min Investment	-	$5K	$0	-
E-Residency	No	No	No	No
Digital Nomad Visa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available	2	3	3	2
Citizenship Timeline	10	2	5	12
Dual Citizenship	No	Yes	Yes	No
Immigration Score	7	8	8	6
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days	183	365	183	180
Personal Tax Top Rate	47	35	48	35
Territorial Taxation	No	No	No	No
Special Tax Regime	Yes	No	Yes	No
Exit Tax	Yes	No	Yes	No
Practical Details
Banking Difficulty	easy	difficult	moderate	moderate
100% Foreign Ownership	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Company Formation	7	1	3	14
Virtual Office OK	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Remote Work Details
Nomad Visa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Tourist Work	gray_area	gray_area	gray_area	gray_area
Tourist Visa Days	90	90	90	30
PE Risk Level	moderate	moderate	moderate	low
Days Before Tax Res.	183	365	183	180
Internet Speed	220	130	85	200
Coworking/mo	$250	$150	$180	$150
Family Details
Safety Index	72	45	82	62
Int'l Schools	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Homeschooling	legal_with_restrictions	legal_with_restrictions	legal_with_restrictions	legal_with_restrictions
Healthcare Quality	82	72	76	72
Cost of Living	55	50	68	40
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns	5	14	6	3
English Business Env	No	No	Yes	No
Talent Pool Quality	70	78	72	55

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