Portugal, Italy, Indonesia, Colombia: Tax Rates & Business Setup Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of tax rates, business setup, residency pathways, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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4 selectedClear all
🇮🇩Indonesia
61
Worldwide
🇵🇹Portugal
76
IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)
🇨🇴Colombia
59
Worldwide
🇮🇹Italy
70
Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison5
🇮🇩IndonesiaWorldwide35%
🇵🇹PortugalIFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)48%
🇨🇴ColombiaWorldwide39%
🇮🇹ItalyWorldwide43%
Tax system mismatchCritical

Indonesia and Colombia and Italy tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 43%). Portugal does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Portugal has an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other countries in this comparison do not have an exit tax.

13pp personal tax rate spreadNote

Both countries tax worldwide income, but the top personal income tax rates differ materially. Portugal: 48% vs Indonesia: 35%. Both apply to all global earnings once you establish residency.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Portugal and Colombia and Italy have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other country in this comparison does not have CFC rules.

Special tax regime available in one jurisdictionNote

Portugal (IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)) offers a qualifying program that may exempt foreign-source income from local tax for up to 10 years. This can significantly reduce your effective rate compared to the standard regime.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row
Metric
🇮🇩Indonesia61
🇵🇹Portugal76
🇨🇴Colombia59
🇮🇹Italy70
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax
37
55
0
32
Funding
80
95
85
100
Visa
90
90
60
90
Residency
43
78
70
68
Tax Res.
55
45
50
55
Practical
45
91
86
83
Remote Work
67
69
79
64
Family
75
95
80
85
Ecosystem
70
90
60
65
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate22%21%35%27.9%
Capital Gains Tax-28%10%26%
Tax Treaties717817100
Territorial SystemNoNoNoNo
Funding Details
Active VCs30485580
Government GrantsYesYesYesYes
EU Funding EligibleNoYesNoYes
Visa Details
Has Startup VisaYesYesNoYes
Processing Time60904560
Min Investment-$0$27K-
E-ResidencyNoNoNoNo
Digital Nomad VisaYesYesYesYes
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available2334
Citizenship Timeline105510
Dual CitizenshipNoYesYesYes
Immigration Score5876
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days183183183183
Personal Tax Top Rate35483943
Territorial TaxationNoNoNoNo
Special Tax RegimeNoYesNoYes
Exit TaxNoYesNoNo
Practical Details
Banking Difficultydifficultmoderatemoderatemoderate
100% Foreign OwnershipNoYesYesYes
Company Formation303530
Virtual Office OKNoYesYesYes
Remote Work Details
Nomad VisaYesYesYesYes
Tourist Workgray_areagray_areatoleratedgray_area
Tourist Visa Days30909090
PE Risk Levellowmoderatelowmoderate
Days Before Tax Res.183183183183
Internet Speed258545117
Coworking/mo$100$180$120$275
Family Details
Safety Index55824465
Int'l SchoolsYesYesYesYes
Homeschoolinglegallegal_with_restrictionslegallegal_with_restrictions
Healthcare Quality55766582
Cost of Living32684255
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns8659
English Business EnvNoYesNoNo
Talent Pool Quality50726265

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