Portugal, Ireland, United Kingdom, Indonesia: Business Setup & Tax Rates Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of business setup, tax rates, residency pathways, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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4 selectedClear all
🇮🇩Indonesia
61
Worldwide
🇵🇹Portugal
76
IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)
🇮🇪Ireland
62
Remittance-Based
🇬🇧United Kingdom
71
Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison5
🇮🇩IndonesiaWorldwide35%
🇵🇹PortugalIFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)48%
🇮🇪IrelandRemittance-Based40%
🇬🇧United KingdomWorldwide45%
Tax system mismatchCritical

Indonesia and United Kingdom tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 45%). Portugal does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Portugal and Ireland have an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other countries in this comparison do not have an exit tax.

13pp personal tax rate spreadNote

Both countries tax worldwide income, but the top personal income tax rates differ materially. Portugal: 48% vs Indonesia: 35%. Both apply to all global earnings once you establish residency.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Portugal and Ireland and United Kingdom have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other country in this comparison does not have CFC rules.

Special tax regime available in one jurisdictionNote

Portugal (IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)) offers a qualifying program that may exempt foreign-source income from local tax for up to 10 years. This can significantly reduce your effective rate compared to the standard regime.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row
Metric
🇮🇩Indonesia61
🇵🇹Portugal76
🇮🇪Ireland62
🇬🇧United Kingdom71
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax
37
55
83
42
Funding
80
95
100
85
Visa
90
90
80
80
Residency
43
78
75
65
Tax Res.
55
45
60
45
Practical
45
91
86
100
Remote Work
67
69
39
43
Family
75
95
80
80
Ecosystem
70
90
75
100
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate22%21%12.5%25%
Capital Gains Tax-28%33%24%
Tax Treaties717876130
Territorial SystemNoNoNoNo
Funding Details
Active VCs304865650
Government GrantsYesYesYesYes
EU Funding EligibleNoYesYesNo
Visa Details
Has Startup VisaYesYesYesYes
Processing Time60909056
Min Investment-$0$55K$0
E-ResidencyNoNoNoNo
Digital Nomad VisaYesYesNoNo
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available2333
Citizenship Timeline10556
Dual CitizenshipNoYesYesYes
Immigration Score5857
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days183183183183
Personal Tax Top Rate35484045
Territorial TaxationNoNoNoNo
Special Tax RegimeNoYesYesNo
Exit TaxNoYesYesNo
Practical Details
Banking Difficultydifficultmoderatemoderateeasy
100% Foreign OwnershipNoYesYesYes
Company Formation30351
Virtual Office OKNoYesYesYes
Remote Work Details
Nomad VisaYesYesNoNo
Tourist Workgray_areagray_areagray_areaillegal
Tourist Visa Days309090180
PE Risk Levellowmoderatehighvery_high
Days Before Tax Res.183183183183
Internet Speed25859085
Coworking/mo$100$180$300$400
Family Details
Safety Index55826265
Int'l SchoolsYesYesYesYes
Homeschoolinglegallegal_with_restrictionslegallegal
Healthcare Quality55767578
Cost of Living326895105
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns861275
English Business EnvNoYesYesYes
Talent Pool Quality50726090

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