Panama, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom: Tax Rates & Startup Ecosystem Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of tax rates, startup ecosystem, remote work, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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4 selectedClear all

🇪🇸Spain

Worldwide

🇵🇦Panama

Territorial

🇬🇧United Kingdom

Worldwide

🇮🇹Italy

Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison3

🇪🇸SpainWorldwide47%

🇵🇦PanamaTerritorial25%

🇬🇧United KingdomWorldwide45%

🇮🇹ItalyWorldwide43%

Tax system mismatchCritical

Spain and United Kingdom and Italy tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 47%). Panama does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Spain has an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other countries in this comparison do not have an exit tax.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Spain and United Kingdom and Italy have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other country in this comparison does not have CFC rules.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row

Metric	🇪🇸Spain69	🇵🇦Panama76	🇬🇧United Kingdom71	🇮🇹Italy70
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax	32	100	42	32
Funding	100	60	85	100
Visa	90	90	80	90
Residency	43	73	65	68
Tax Res.	45	80	45	55
Practical	96	81	100	83
Remote Work	64	88	43	64
Family	95	80	80	85
Ecosystem	60	40	100	65
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate	25%	25%	25%	27.9%
Capital Gains Tax	28%	10%	24%	26%
Tax Treaties	96	17	130	100
Territorial System	No	Yes	No	No
Funding Details
Active VCs	100	12	650	80
Government Grants	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
EU Funding Eligible	Yes	No	No	Yes
Visa Details
Has Startup Visa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Processing Time	45	30	56	60
Min Investment	-	$200K	$0	-
E-Residency	No	No	No	No
Digital Nomad Visa	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available	2	3	3	4
Citizenship Timeline	10	5	6	10
Dual Citizenship	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Immigration Score	7	8	7	6
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days	183	183	183	183
Personal Tax Top Rate	47	25	45	43
Territorial Taxation	No	Yes	No	No
Special Tax Regime	Yes	No	No	Yes
Exit Tax	Yes	No	No	No
Practical Details
Banking Difficulty	easy	moderate	easy	moderate
100% Foreign Ownership	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Company Formation	7	5	1	30
Virtual Office OK	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Remote Work Details
Nomad Visa	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Tourist Work	gray_area	tolerated	illegal	gray_area
Tourist Visa Days	90	180	180	90
PE Risk Level	moderate	low	very_high	moderate
Days Before Tax Res.	183	183	183	183
Internet Speed	220	50	85	117
Coworking/mo	$250	$200	$400	$275
Family Details
Safety Index	72	55	65	65
Int'l Schools	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Homeschooling	legal_with_restrictions	legal	legal	legal_with_restrictions
Healthcare Quality	82	68	78	82
Cost of Living	55	65	105	55
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns	5	0	75	9
English Business Env	No	No	Yes	No
Talent Pool Quality	70	48	90	65

Next steps

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