Indonesia, United Kingdom, Ireland, Portugal: Business Setup & Tax Rates Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of business setup, tax rates, residency pathways, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

Select Countries

Singapore Cyprus Uruguay Estonia Panama Portugal Costa Rica Belize Switzerland Malta United Kingdom Canada Greece Italy Paraguay Spain Georgia United Arab Emirates Germany Ireland Indonesia Colombia Netherlands Argentina Mexico Thailand Sao Tome and Principe

4 selectedClear all

🇮🇪Ireland

Remittance-Based

🇮🇩Indonesia

Worldwide

🇵🇹Portugal

IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)

🇬🇧United Kingdom

Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison5

🇮🇪IrelandRemittance-Based40%

🇮🇩IndonesiaWorldwide35%

🇵🇹PortugalIFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)48%

🇬🇧United KingdomWorldwide45%

Tax system mismatchCritical

Indonesia and United Kingdom tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 45%). Portugal does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Ireland and Portugal have an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other countries in this comparison do not have an exit tax.

13pp personal tax rate spreadNote

Both countries tax worldwide income, but the top personal income tax rates differ materially. Portugal: 48% vs Indonesia: 35%. Both apply to all global earnings once you establish residency.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Ireland and Portugal and United Kingdom have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other country in this comparison does not have CFC rules.

Special tax regime available in one jurisdictionNote

Portugal (IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)) offers a qualifying program that may exempt foreign-source income from local tax for up to 10 years. This can significantly reduce your effective rate compared to the standard regime.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row

Metric	🇮🇪Ireland62	🇮🇩Indonesia61	🇵🇹Portugal76	🇬🇧United Kingdom71
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax	83	37	55	42
Funding	100	80	95	85
Visa	80	90	90	80
Residency	75	43	78	65
Tax Res.	60	55	45	45
Practical	86	45	91	100
Remote Work	39	67	69	43
Family	80	75	95	80
Ecosystem	75	70	90	100
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate	12.5%	22%	21%	25%
Capital Gains Tax	33%	-	28%	24%
Tax Treaties	76	71	78	130
Territorial System	No	No	No	No
Funding Details
Active VCs	65	30	48	650
Government Grants	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
EU Funding Eligible	Yes	No	Yes	No
Visa Details
Has Startup Visa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Processing Time	90	60	90	56
Min Investment	$55K	-	$0	$0
E-Residency	No	No	No	No
Digital Nomad Visa	No	Yes	Yes	No
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available	3	2	3	3
Citizenship Timeline	5	10	5	6
Dual Citizenship	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Immigration Score	5	5	8	7
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days	183	183	183	183
Personal Tax Top Rate	40	35	48	45
Territorial Taxation	No	No	No	No
Special Tax Regime	Yes	No	Yes	No
Exit Tax	Yes	No	Yes	No
Practical Details
Banking Difficulty	moderate	difficult	moderate	easy
100% Foreign Ownership	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Company Formation	5	30	3	1
Virtual Office OK	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Remote Work Details
Nomad Visa	No	Yes	Yes	No
Tourist Work	gray_area	gray_area	gray_area	illegal
Tourist Visa Days	90	30	90	180
PE Risk Level	high	low	moderate	very_high
Days Before Tax Res.	183	183	183	183
Internet Speed	90	25	85	85
Coworking/mo	$300	$100	$180	$400
Family Details
Safety Index	62	55	82	65
Int'l Schools	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Homeschooling	legal	legal	legal_with_restrictions	legal
Healthcare Quality	75	55	76	78
Cost of Living	95	32	68	105
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns	12	8	6	75
English Business Env	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Talent Pool Quality	60	50	72	90

Next steps

Ready to take action?

Ready to incorporate in Ireland?

Recommended services used by founders targeting this jurisdiction.

FirstbasePopular

US entity formation for international founders. Fast, fully remote.

Get started

Affiliate links - we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.

Open a business bank account

Best options for founders incorporated in or targeting Ireland.

Wise BusinessPopular

Multi-currency account with real exchange rates. No SWIFT fees.

Get started

Revolut Business

EU banking with expense management and team cards.

Get started

Affiliate links - we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.

Discussion (0)

A community of sovereign individuals - founders, families, and remote operators. Share what you know, ask what you don't.

No comments yet - be the first to share what you know about this page.

BEYOND SCORES

Track entities, compliance, and residency days

NomadSignal is more than country scores. Manage your multi-jurisdiction business with pathway playbooks, presence tracking, compliance alerts, and an AI advisor that knows your data.

See the platform Pricing