Indonesia, Portugal, Spain, Argentina: Tax Rates & Business Setup Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of tax rates, business setup, residency pathways, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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4 selectedClear all
🇮🇩Indonesia
61
Worldwide
🇪🇸Spain
69
Worldwide
🇦🇷Argentina
58
Worldwide
🇵🇹Portugal
76
IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison5
🇮🇩IndonesiaWorldwide35%
🇪🇸SpainWorldwide47%
🇦🇷ArgentinaWorldwide35%
🇵🇹PortugalIFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)48%
Tax system mismatchCritical

Indonesia and Spain and Argentina tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 47%). Portugal does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Spain and Portugal have an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other countries in this comparison do not have an exit tax.

13pp personal tax rate spreadNote

Both countries tax worldwide income, but the top personal income tax rates differ materially. Portugal: 48% vs Indonesia: 35%. Both apply to all global earnings once you establish residency.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Spain and Argentina and Portugal have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other country in this comparison does not have CFC rules.

Special tax regime available in one jurisdictionNote

Portugal (IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal para a Internacionalização de Competências e Investimento)) offers a qualifying program that may exempt foreign-source income from local tax for up to 10 years. This can significantly reduce your effective rate compared to the standard regime.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row
Metric
🇮🇩Indonesia61
🇪🇸Spain69
🇦🇷Argentina58
🇵🇹Portugal76
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax
37
32
0
55
Funding
80
100
85
95
Visa
90
90
90
90
Residency
43
43
91
78
Tax Res.
55
45
55
45
Practical
45
96
81
91
Remote Work
67
64
79
69
Family
75
95
85
95
Ecosystem
70
60
80
90
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate22%25%35%21%
Capital Gains Tax-28%15%28%
Tax Treaties71962278
Territorial SystemNoNoNoNo
Funding Details
Active VCs301006548
Government GrantsYesYesYesYes
EU Funding EligibleNoYesNoYes
Visa Details
Has Startup VisaYesYesYesYes
Processing Time60456090
Min Investment--$5K$0
E-ResidencyNoNoNoNo
Digital Nomad VisaYesYesYesYes
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available2233
Citizenship Timeline101025
Dual CitizenshipNoNoYesYes
Immigration Score5788
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days183183365183
Personal Tax Top Rate35473548
Territorial TaxationNoNoNoNo
Special Tax RegimeNoYesNoYes
Exit TaxNoYesNoYes
Practical Details
Banking Difficultydifficulteasydifficultmoderate
100% Foreign OwnershipNoYesYesYes
Company Formation30713
Virtual Office OKNoYesYesYes
Remote Work Details
Nomad VisaYesYesYesYes
Tourist Workgray_areagray_areagray_areagray_area
Tourist Visa Days30909090
PE Risk Levellowmoderatemoderatemoderate
Days Before Tax Res.183183365183
Internet Speed2522013085
Coworking/mo$100$250$150$180
Family Details
Safety Index55724582
Int'l SchoolsYesYesYesYes
Homeschoolinglegallegal_with_restrictionslegal_with_restrictionslegal_with_restrictions
Healthcare Quality55827276
Cost of Living32555068
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns85146
English Business EnvNoNoNoYes
Talent Pool Quality50707872

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