Costa Rica, Sao Tome and Principe, Netherlands, Italy: Tax Rates & Startup Funding Compared

Side-by-side breakdown of tax rates, startup funding, startup ecosystem, and 6 more dimensions for founders choosing where to incorporate in 2026.

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Singapore Cyprus Estonia Uruguay Panama Portugal Costa Rica Belize Switzerland Malta United Kingdom Canada Greece Italy Paraguay Spain Georgia United Arab Emirates Germany Ireland Indonesia Colombia Netherlands Argentina Mexico Thailand Sao Tome and Principe

4 selectedClear all

🇨🇷Costa Rica

Territorial

🇳🇱Netherlands

Worldwide

🇸🇹Sao Tome and Principe

Worldwide

🇮🇹Italy

Worldwide

Dimension Profile

Shape = jurisdiction fingerprint. Gap = your decision.

Tax Regime Comparison4

🇨🇷Costa RicaTerritorial25%

🇳🇱NetherlandsWorldwide49.5%

🇸🇹Sao Tome and PrincipeWorldwide25%

🇮🇹ItalyWorldwide43%

Tax system mismatchCritical

Netherlands and Sao Tome and Principe and Italy tax all worldwide income once you become a tax resident (top rate: 49.5%). Costa Rica does not - only locally-sourced income is taxed. This is a fundamental structural difference that affects your total effective tax burden.

Exit tax applies in one jurisdictionCritical

Netherlands has an exit tax. If you establish residency and later wish to leave, you may owe tax on unrealized gains or assets at departure. The other countries in this comparison do not have an exit tax.

24.5pp personal tax rate spreadReview

Both countries tax worldwide income, but the top personal income tax rates differ materially. Netherlands: 49.5% vs Sao Tome and Principe: 25%. Both apply to all global earnings once you establish residency.

CFC rules apply in one jurisdictionReview

Netherlands and Italy have Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. Owning a foreign company as a resident may trigger local tax on undistributed profits - even if the company pays no dividends. The other countries in this comparison do not have CFC rules.

Not tax advice. Tax laws change frequently. Verify with a qualified professional before making residency decisions.

Field-by-Field Breakdown

Green = best value per row

Metric	🇨🇷Costa Rica75	🇳🇱Netherlands59	🇸🇹Sao Tome and Principe46	🇮🇹Italy70
Dimension Scores
Corporate Tax	100	39	17	32
Funding	60	100	40	100
Visa	90	75	50	90
Residency	58	73	56	68
Tax Res.	75	45	55	55
Practical	78	100	55	83
Remote Work	84	39	52	64
Family	80	90	70	85
Ecosystem	40	100	40	65
Corporate Tax Details
Corporate Tax Rate	30%	25.8%	25%	27.9%
Capital Gains Tax	15%	36%	0%	26%
Tax Treaties	12	100	3	100
Territorial System	Yes	No	No	No
Funding Details
Active VCs	8	200	0	80
Government Grants	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
EU Funding Eligible	No	Yes	No	Yes
Visa Details
Has Startup Visa	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Processing Time	45	30	42	60
Min Investment	-	-	$90K	-
E-Residency	No	No	No	No
Digital Nomad Visa	Yes	No	No	Yes
Residency Details
Visa Programs Available	2	3	2	4
Citizenship Timeline	7	5	-	10
Dual Citizenship	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Immigration Score	7	8	7	6
Tax Res. Details
Tax Residency Days	-	183	183	183
Personal Tax Top Rate	25	50	25	43
Territorial Taxation	Yes	No	No	No
Special Tax Regime	No	Yes	No	Yes
Exit Tax	No	Yes	No	No
Practical Details
Banking Difficulty	moderate	easy	very_difficult	moderate
100% Foreign Ownership	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Company Formation	14	5	30	30
Virtual Office OK	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Remote Work Details
Nomad Visa	Yes	No	No	Yes
Tourist Work	tolerated	gray_area	illegal	gray_area
Tourist Visa Days	90	90	15	90
PE Risk Level	low	high	low	moderate
Days Before Tax Res.	-	183	183	183
Internet Speed	60	300	10	117
Coworking/mo	$200	$300	-	$275
Family Details
Safety Index	55	78	65	65
Int'l Schools	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Homeschooling	legal	illegal	-	legal_with_restrictions
Healthcare Quality	75	85	30	82
Cost of Living	52	80	28	55
Ecosystem Details
Unicorns	0	12	0	9
English Business Env	No	Yes	No	No
Talent Pool Quality	45	82	10	65

Next steps

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